Tuesday, June 21, 2011

Parrots join apes and Aristotle in the club of reason

Humans do it. Great apes do it. Now a parrot has shown it can use logical reasoning to work out where food is hidden.

 Not such a birdbrain.

Sandra Mikolasch of the University of Vienna's Konrad Lorenz Research Station in Austria and her colleagues first checked that seven African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) had no preference for the two types of food on offer, seeds or walnuts.
Then each parrot watched a researcher hide a walnut under one opaque cup and a seed under another. Next the researcher hid the cups behind a screen, removed one of the treats and showed the bird which one had been taken. Finally, the screen was removed to see if the parrot could work out which treat must remain, and under which cup it must be.

Only one of the parrots, a female called Awisa, was able to do this, choosing correctly in three-quarters of the tests – 23 out of 30. "So far, only great apes have been shown to master this task," says Mikolasch. As with the parrots, only some apes could solve the problem, she says. "So we now know that a grey parrot is able to logically exclude one possibility in favour of another to get a reward, known as 'inference by exclusion'."
The other parrots chose more randomly, suggesting they hadn't worked out what was going on. But they did show their mettle in easier tests, where the cups were in view throughout.

Source New Scientist

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